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• What is oracle database

  The Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply as Oracle) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS)[2] produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.
  
  Larry Ellison and his friends, former co-workers Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started the consultancy Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while previously employed by Ampex.

• Physical and logical structures

  An Oracle database system-identified by an alphanumeric system identifier or SID[4]-comprises at least one instance of the application, along with data storage. An instance-identified persistently by an instantiation number (or activation id: SYS.V_$DATABASE.ACTIVATION#)-comprises a set of operating-system processes and memory-structures that interact with the storage. (Typical processes include PMON (the process monitor) and SMON (the system monitor).) Oracle documentation can refer to an active database instance as a "shared memory realm".[5]
  Users of Oracle databases refer to the server-side memory-structure as the SGA (System Global Area). The SGA typically holds cache information such as data-buffers, SQL commands, and user information. In addition to storage, the database consists of online redo logs (or logs), which hold transactional history. Processes can in turn archive the online redo logs into archive logs (offline redo logs), which provide the basis (if necessary) for data recovery and for the physical-standby forms of data replication using Oracle Data Guard.
  
  If the Oracle database administrator has implemented Oracle RAC (Real Application Clusters), then multiple instances, usually on different servers, attach to a central storage array. This scenario offers advantages such as better performance, scalability and redundancy. However, support becomes more complex, and many sites do not use RAC. In version 10g, grid computing introduced shared resources where an instance can use (for example) CPU resources from another node (computer) in the grid.
  
  The Oracle DBMS can store and execute stored procedures and functions within itself. PL/SQL (Oracle Corporation's proprietary procedural extension to SQL), or the object-oriented language Java can invoke such code objects and/or provide the programming structures for writing them.

• Storage

  The Oracle RDBMS stores data logically in the form of tablespaces and physically in the form of data files ("datafiles").[6] Tablespaces can contain various types of memory segments, such as Data Segments, Index Segments, etc. Segments in turn comprise one or more extents. Extents comprise groups of contiguous data blocks. Data blocks form the basic units of data storage.
  Newer versions of the database can also include a partitioning feature: this allows the partioning of tables based on different set of keys. Specific partitions can then be easily added or dropped to help manage large data sets.
  
  Oracle database management tracks its computer data storage with the help of information stored in the SYSTEM tablespace. The SYSTEM tablespace contains the data dictionary-and often (by default) indexes and clusters. A data dictionary consists of a special collection of tables that contains information about all user-objects in the database. Since version 8i, the Oracle RDBMS also supports "locally managed" tablespaces which can store space management information in bitmaps in their own headers rather than in the SYSTEM tablespace (as happens with the default "dictionary-managed" tablespaces). Version 10g and later introduced the SYSAUX tablespace which contains some of the tables formerly in the SYSTEM tablespace.

1977: Larry Ellison and friends founded Software Development Laboratories (SDL)
1979: SDL changed its company-name to "Relational Software, Inc." (RSI) and introduced its product Oracle V2 as an early commercially available relational database system. The version did not support transactions, but implemented the basic SQL functionality of queries and joins. (RSI never released a version
1 - instead calling the first version version 2 as a marketing gimmick.).
1982: RSI in its turn changed its name, becoming known as "Oracle Corporation",[44] to align itself more closely with its flagship product.
1983: The company released Oracle version 3, which it had re-written using the C programming language and which supported COMMIT and ROLLBACK functionality for transactions. Version 3 extended platform support from the existing Digital VAX/VMS systems to include Unix environments.
1984: Oracle Corporation released Oracle version 4, which supported read-consistency.
1985: Oracle Corporation released Oracle version 5, which supported the client-server model-a sign of networks becoming more widely available in the mid-1980s.
1986: Oracle version 5.1 started supporting distributed queries.
1988: Oracle RDBMS version 6 came out with support for PL/SQL embedded within Oracle Forms v3 (version 6 could not store PL/SQL in the database proper), row-level locking and hot backups.
1989: Oracle Corporation entered the application products market and developed its ERP product, (later to become part of the Oracle E-Business Suite), based on the Oracle relational database.
1990: the release of Oracle Applications release 8[44]
1992: Oracle version 7 appeared with support for referential integrity, stored procedures and triggers.
1997: Oracle Corporation released version 8, which supported object-oriented development and multimedia applications.
1999: The release of Oracle8i aimed to provide a database inter-operating better with the Internet (the i in the name stands for "Internet"). The Oracle8i database incorporated a native Java virtual machine (Oracle JVM, also known as "Aurora").
2000: Oracle E-Business Suite 11i pioneers integrated enterprise application software[44]
2001: Oracle9i went into release with 400 new features, including the ability to read and write XML documents. 9i also provided an option for Oracle RAC, or "Real Application Clusters", a computer-cluster database, as a replacement for the Oracle Parallel Server (OPS) option.
2002: the release of Oracle 9i Database Release 2 (9.2.0).
2003: Oracle Corporation released Oracle Database 10g, which supported regular expressions. (The g stands for "grid"; emphasizing a marketing thrust of presenting 10g as "grid computing ready".)
2005: Oracle Database 10.2.0.1-also known as Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10gR2)-appeared.
2006: Oracle Corporation announces Unbreakable Linux[44] and acquires i-flex.
2007: Oracle Database 10g release 2 sets a new world record TPC-H 3000 GB benchmark result.
2007: Oracle Corporation released Oracle Database 11g for Linux and for Microsoft Windows.
2008: Oracle Corporation acquires BEA Systems.
2010: Oracle Corporation acquires Sun Microsystems.
2011: Oracle Corporation acquires web content management system FatWire Software.

zLinux64

Microsoft Windows (32-bit)

Microsoft Windows (x64)

Linux x86

Linux x86-64

Solaris (SPARC) (64-bit)

Solaris (x86-64)

HP-UX Itanium

HP-UX PA-RISC (64-bit)

AIX (PPC64)

1. Select installation method

• Basic Installation – Choose this to perform the full Oracle Database 11g installation with standard configuration options. You can use only filesystem for storage in this option.
• Advanced Installation – This gives your full control over the installation, including the ability to choose Automatic Storage Management. Select this option as shown below.

2. Specify Inventory directory and credentials

• Enter the inventory directory: /u01/app/oraInventory
• Specify operating system group name: oinstall

3. Select Installation Type

• Enterprise Edition – Select this option.
• Standard Edition
• Custom

4. Specify Install Location

• Oracle Base: /u01/app/oracle
• Name: Oracle_Home
• Path: /u01/app/oarcle/product/11.1.0

5. Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks

6. Select Configuration Option

• Create a Database – Select this option.
• Configure Automatic Storage Management (ASM)
• Install Software Only

7. Select a Database Configuration

• General Purpose/Transaction Processing – Select this option.
• Data Warehouse
• Advanced

8. Specify Database Configuration

• Global Database Name: devdb.example.com . An Oracle database is uniquely identified by a Global Database Name, typically of the form “name.domain”
• SID: devdb

9. Specify Database Configuration Details

• Memory Tab
  • Select the check-box to Enable Automatic Memory Management
  • Drag the bar to allocate the memory. This will automatically allocate memory size for SGA and PGA depending on the total database memory allocated.
• Character Sets Tab. Following three character set options are given in this tab.
  • Use the default
  • Use Unicode (AL32UTF8)
  • Choose from the list of character sets. Select Database Character Set as Unicode standard UTF-8AL32UTF8 – Select this option.
• Security Tab – Just leave the defaults in this tab.
• Sample Schema Tab – Just leave the defaults in this tab.

10. Select Database Management Option

• Use Grid Control for Database Management
  • Management Service: Choose an agent.
• Use Database Control for Database Management- Select this option.
  • Select the check-box to Enable Email Notifications
  • Outgoing mail (SMTP) Server:
  • Email Address:

11. Specify Database Storage Option

• File System – Select this option.
  • Specify Database File location: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
• Automatic Storage Management. ASM simplifies database storage administration and optimizes database layout for I/O performance.

12. Specify Backup and Recovery Option

13. Specify database schema password

14. Privileged Operating System Groups

• Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group: dba
• Database Operator (OSOPER) Group: dba
• ASM administrator (OSASM) Group: dba

15. Oracle Configuration Manager Registration

16. Final Summary Screen

Installing Oracle Database 10g on Windows

Purpose

Topics

	Overview
	Installing Oracle Database 10g on Windows
	Post Installation Tasks
	Testing Your Installation
	Summary

Viewing Screenshots

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Overview

Installing Oracle Database 10g on Windows

1.	For this installation you need either the DVDs or a downloaded version of the DVDs. In this tutorial, you install from the downloaded version. From the directory where the DVD files were unzipped, double-click setup.exe.
2.	The Oracle Universal Installer starts.
3.	You will perform a basic installation with a starter database. Enter orcl for the Global Database Name and oracle for the Database Password and Confirm Password. Then click Next.
4.	The installer now verifies that the system meets all the minimum requirements for installing and configuring the chosen product. Please correct any reported errors (warnings are OK) before continuing. When the check successfully completes (with or without warnings), click Next.
5.	If you received any warnings, you can proceed. Click Yes.
6.	Review the Summary window to verify what is to be installed. Then, click Install.
7.	The progress window appears.
8.	The Configuration Assistants window appears.
9.	Your database is now being created.
10.	When the database has been created, you can unlock the users you want to use. Click Password Management.
11.	Unlock SH, OE and HR users by clicking on the check mark in the Lock Account? column. Enter the same name as the user in the New Password and Confirm Password fields. For example, to unlock SH user, enter SH in the New Password and Confirm Password fields. Then, click OK.
12.	Click OK again.
13.	Click Exit.
14.	Click Yes to confirm exit.

Post Installation Tasks

Installing the Oracle 9i Database

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Step 4

Step 5

Step 6

Step 7

Step 8>

Step 9

Global Database Name = o92a..com

Example: o92avnes.opnet.com

The installer prompts you for a system ID (SID). Some examples follow:
• o92a
• o92avnes
• vnesDB


Step 10
Enter the SID you wish to use. After entering a GDN and SID, click Next to continue to the Database File Location panel.
The installer prompts you for the Database File Location.

Step 11
Keep the default location and click Next to proceed.
The installer prompts you for the Database Character Set.

Step 12
Choose a supported character set and click Next to proceed with file installation.
The Oracle installer takes up to 30 minutes to copy files to the installation directories. Oracle 9i has three installation CDs. The installer prompts you to insert a new CD in the CD-ROM drive when it is ready to copy files from the next CD.

During this time, Install, Configuration Tools, and Database Creation panels appear.
Step 13

Click Next or OK to proceed through these panels.
Oracle 9i (9.2.0.1.0) installation is now complete.

1. Uninstall all Oracle components using the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI).
2. Run regedit.exe and delete the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/ SOFTWARE/ORACLE key. This contains registry entire for all Oracle products.
3. Delete any references to Oracle services left behind in the following part of the registry: HKEY LOCAL MACHINE/ SYSTEM/ CurrentControlsSet/ Services/Ora*. It should be pretty obvious which ones relate to Oracle
4. Reboot your machine.
5. Delete the C: \Oracle directory, or whatever directory is your Oracle_Base.
6. Delete the C:\Program Files \Oracle directory.
7. Empty the contents of your c:\temp directory.
8. Empty your recycle bin.

Installing Oracle 10g database software :

1. Insert Oracle CD , the autorun window opens automatically. If you are installing from network or hard disk, click setup.exe in the installation folder.
2. The Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) will run and display the Select Installation Method Window.
3. Choose Basic Installation:
   Select this option to quickly install Oracle Database 10g. This method requires minimal user input. It installs the software and optionally creates a general-purpose database based on the information you provide.
   For basic installation, you specify the following:
   Oracle Home Location - Enter the directory in which to install the Oracle Database 10g software. You must specify a new Oracle home directory for each new installation of Oracle Database 10g. Use the default value, which is :
   
   c:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1
   
   Installation Type - Select Enterprise Edition :
   If you have limited space, select standard edition. Personal edition installs the same software as the Enterprise Edition, but supports only a single-user development and deployment environment.
   Create Starter Database - Check this box to create a database during installation. Oracle recommends that you create a starter database for first Create Starter Database - time installations. Choose a Global Database Name, like cs157b, or just use the default value.
   Type a password. Don't lose this password, since you will need it to connect to the database server.
   Click next
4. The Product-Specific Prerequisite Checks window appears: Click next
   
5. A summary screen appears showing information such as your global settings, space requirements and the new products to be installed. Click Install to start the installation..
   
6. The Install window appears showing installation progress.
   
7. At the end of the installation phase, the Configuration Assistants window appears. This window lists the configuration assistants that are started automatically.
   If you are creating a database, then the Database Configuration Assistant starts automatically in a separate window.
   
   
   At the end of database creation, you are prompted to unlock user accounts to make the accounts accessible. The SYS and SYSTEM accounts are already unlocked. Click OK to bypass password management.
   
   
   Note: Oracle 10g still keeps scott / tiger username and password (UID=scott, PWD=tiger) from the old version of oracle. In the old version of oracle, scott/tiger user ID is available by default, but not in oracle 10g. If you want to use scott /tiger account, you must unlock it by clicking "Password Management" at the last window.
   Password Management window will appear like the one shown below. Find the user name "Scott" and uncheck the "Lock Account?" column for the user name.
8. Your installation and database creation is now complete. The End of Installation window displays several important URLs, one of which is for Enterprise Manager.
   
   
9. You can navigate to this URL in your browser and log in as the SYS user with the associated password, and connect as SYSDBA. You use Enterprise Manager to perform common database administration tasks
   Note : you can access Oracle Enterprise Manager using browser by typing the URL shown above in your browser. Instead of typing the IP address, you can also access the Enterprise Manager by typing http://localhost:1158/em or "http://[yourComputerName]:1158/em" or by clicking "Start >> All Programs >> Oracle - [YourOracleHome_home1] >> Database Control - [yourOracleID]" in Windows menu.
   By default, use user ID "SYSTEM", with the password that you have chosen at the beginning of installation, to connect to database, SQLPlus, etc. If you want to use other user ID, you may create a new user .
   

Major database-related products and some of their versions include:

Oracle Application Server 10g (also known as "Oracle AS 10g"): a middleware product;

Oracle Applications Release 11i (aka Oracle e-Business Suite, Oracle Financials or Oracle 11i): a suite of business applications;

Oracle Developer Suite 10g (9.0.4);

Oracle JDeveloper 10g: a Java integrated development environment;

Since version 5, Oracle's RDBMS release numbering has used the following codes:

Oracle v5

Oracle v6

Oracle7: 7.0.16–7.3.4

Oracle8 Database: 8.0.3–8.0.6

Oracle8i Database Release 1: 8.1.5.0–8.1.5.1

Oracle8i Database Release 2: 8.1.6.0–8.1.6.3

Oracle8i Database Release 3: 8.1.7.0–8.1.7.4

Oracle9i Database Release 1: 9.0.1.0–9.0.1.5 (patchset as of December 2003)

Oracle9i Database Release 2: 9.2.0.1–9.2.0.8 (patchset as of April 2007)

Oracle Database 10g Release 1: 10.1.0.2–10.1.0.5 (patchset as of February 2006)

Oracle Database 10g Release 2: 10.2.0.1–10.2.0.5 (patchset as of April 2010)

Oracle Database 11g Release 1: 11.1.0.6–11.1.0.7 (patchset as of September 2008)

Oracle Database 11g Release 2: 11.2.0.1–11.2.0.3 (patchset as of September 2011)